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1 most successful
paling berhasil -
2 Tenrikyo (Religion of Divine Wisdom, largest and most successful of the modern Shinto sects in Japan)
Религия: тенрикёУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Tenrikyo (Religion of Divine Wisdom, largest and most successful of the modern Shinto sects in Japan)
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3 select somebody as the most successful bidder
Общая лексика: определить победителем (http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index/housing_and_planning/housing/needahome/homeconnections.htm)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > select somebody as the most successful bidder
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4 the most successful
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5 successful
- 'ses-adjective ((negative unsuccessful) having success: Were you successful in finding a new house?; The successful applicant for this job will be required to start work next month; a successful career.) afortunado; exitoso; fructuososuccessful adj de éxitotr[sək'sesfʊl]1 (person, career, film) de éxito; (plan, performance, attempt) acertado,-a, logrado,-a; (business) próspero,-a; (marriage) feliz; (meeting) satisfactorio,-a, positivo,-a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be successful in doing something conseguir hacer algoto be successful in life triunfar en la vidasuccessful [sək'sɛsfəl] adj: exitoso, logrado♦ successfully advadj.• acertado, -a adj.• afortunado, -a adj.• bienaventurado, -a adj.• dichoso, -a adj.• exitoso, -a adj.• feliz adj.• lucido, -a adj.• próspero, -a adj.sək'sesfəlhe was successful at last — finalmente lo logró or lo consiguió
to be successful IN -ING: they were successful in persuading their colleagues — lograron convencer a sus colegas
[sǝk'sesfʊl]ADJ1)to be successful —
a) [campaign, scheme, attempt, book] tener éxito; [plan, strategy, experiment] salir bienthe company has been very successful over the past five years — a la empresa le ha ido muy bien en los últimos cinco años
the film was very successful at the box office — la película fue muy taquillera or fue todo un éxito de taquilla
the film is successful at capturing the atmosphere of the time — la película consigue or logra captar el ambiente de la época
b) [person] (=do well) tener éxito; (=reach the top) triunfarthe secret of being successful with men — el secreto para tener éxito or triunfar con los hombres
we have been successful at achieving our objectives — hemos conseguido or logrado alcanzar nuestros objetivos
we have not been very successful at or in attracting new contracts — no hemos tenido mucho éxito a la hora de atraer nuevos contratos
a) (=winning) [product, film, novelist] de éxitoone of the most successful movies of all time — una de las películas de más éxito de todos los tiempos
b) (=prosperous) [company, businessperson] prósperoc) (=effective) [treatment, remedy] eficaza generally successful attempt to adapt this novel — una adaptación, en general lograda, de esta novela
d) (=satisfactory) [conclusion] satisfactorio; [deal] favorableit was a successful end to an excellent campaign — fue un final satisfactorio para una campaña excelente
there is little hope of a successful outcome to the meeting — hay pocas esperanzas de que la reunión dé resultados satisfactorios
e) [applicant]* * *[sək'sesfəl]he was successful at last — finalmente lo logró or lo consiguió
to be successful IN -ING: they were successful in persuading their colleagues — lograron convencer a sus colegas
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6 most
I[məust] n մեծ մասը, մեծամասնություն. at the mostամենաշատը. most of them նրանց մեծ մասը. most of the time ժամանակի մեծ մասը. He is 20 at the most Նա ամենաշատը 20 տարեկան էII[məust] a ամենաշատ. in most cases մե ծամասնությամբ. for the most part գլխավորապես, մեծ մասամբ. most Holy Father Գերագույն Սուրբ Հայր, Նորին Սրբություն (Հռոմի պապ)[məust] adv մեծապես, առավելապես, ամենից ավելի առավել. most probably ամե նահա վանական. most certainly անշուշտ, ան պայմա նո րեն. most odd ամենատարօրինակ. գեր., աստ. the most successful ամենահաջող. the most important ամե նակարևոր -
7 top
I 1. noun1) (highest part) Spitze, die; (of table) Platte, die; (of bench seat) Sitzfläche, die; (top floor) oberstes Stockwerk; (flat roof, roof garden) Dach, das; (rim of glass, bottle, etc.) Rand, der; (top end) oberes Ende; (of tree) Spitze, die; Wipfel, dera cake with a cherry on top — ein Kuchen mit einer Kirsche [oben]drauf
at the top of the building/hill/pile/stairs — oben im Gebäude/[oben] auf dem Hügel/[oben] auf dem Stapel/oben an der Treppe
be at/get to or reach the top [of the ladder or tree] — (fig.) auf der obersten Sprosse [der Leiter] stehen/die oberste Sprosse [der Leiter] erreichen (fig.)
be/get on top of a situation/subject — eine Situation/eine Materie im Griff haben/in den Griff bekommen
don't let it get on top of you — (fig.) lass dich davon nicht unterkriegen! (ugs.)
he put it on [the] top of the pile — er legte es [oben] auf den Stapel
on top of one another or each other — aufeinander
on top of something — (fig.): (in addition) zusätzlich zu etwas
come/be on top of something — (be additional) zu etwas [hinzu]kommen
on top of the world — (fig.) überglücklich
be/go thin on top — licht auf dem Kopf sein/werden
be on top — ganz oben sein/liegen
come out on top — (be successful) Erfolg haben; (win) gewinnen
get to the top — (fig.) eine Spitzenposition erringen; ganz nach oben kommen (ugs.)
from top to toe — von Kopf bis Fuß
be over the top — übertrieben od. überzogen sein
the man at the top — der [oberste] Chef od. (ugs.) Boss
top of the table — (Sport) Tabellenspitze, die
[at the] top of the agenda is... — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung steht...
be [at the] top of the class — der/die Klassenbeste sein
top of the bill — (Theatre) Zugpferd, das
on [the] top of something — [oben] auf etwas (position): (Dat./direction: Akk.)
they climbed to the top of the hill/slope — sie kletterten auf den Hügel/den Hang hinauf
5) (folding roof) Verdeck, das6) (upper deck of bus, boat) Oberdeck, das7) (cap of pen) [Verschluss]kappe, dieat the top [of the page] — oben [auf der/die Seite]
11) (turn-down of sock) Umschlag, der13) (utmost) Gipfel, dershout/talk at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Halse schreien/so laut wie möglich sprechen
14)be the tops — (coll.) (the best) der/die/das Größte sein (ugs.); (marvellous) spitze sein (ugs.)
15) (surface) Oberfläche, die17) (Brit. Motor Veh.)2. adjectiveoberst...; höchst... [Ton, Preis]the/a top award — die höchste/eine hohe Auszeichnung
the/a top chess player — der beste Schachspieler/einer der besten Schachspieler od. ein Spitzenschachspieler
top scientists/actors — etc. hochkarätige Wissenschaftler/Schauspieler usw.
the top pupil/school/marks — der beste Schüler/die beste Schule/die besten Noten
top manager/management — Topmanager/-management
a top speed of 100 m.p.h. — eine Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 100 Meilen pro Stunde
go at top speed — mit Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit fahren
be/come top [in a subject] — [in einem Fach] der/die Beste sein/werden
give something top priority — einer Sache (Dat.) höchste Priorität einräumen
have a record in the top ten — eine Platte in den Top-ten haben
in the top left/right corner — in der linken/rechten oberen Ecke
3. transitive verb,the top people — (in society) die Spitzen der Gesellschaft; (in a particular field) die besten Leute
- pp-1) (cover)the hills were topped with or by snow — die Hügelspitzen waren schneebedeckt
2) (Hort.): (cut top off) stutzen [Pflanze]; kappen [Baum]3) (be taller than) überragenexports have topped [the] £40 million [mark/level] — die Exporte haben die [Grenze von] 40 Millionen Pfund überschritten
to top it all — [noch] obendrein
5) (head) anführentop the bill — (Theatre) das Zugpferd sein
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/75633/top_off">top off- top upII noun(toy) Kreisel, der* * *I 1. [top] noun1) (the highest part of anything: the top of the hill; the top of her head; The book is on the top shelf.) die Spitze2) (the position of the cleverest in a class etc: He's at the top of the class.) die Spitze3) (the upper surface: the table-top.) die Oberfläche4) (a lid: I've lost the top to this jar; a bottle-top.) der Deckel5) (a (woman's) garment for the upper half of the body; a blouse, sweater etc: I bought a new skirt and top.) das Sonnentop2. adjective(having gained the most marks, points etc, eg in a school class: He's top (of the class) again.) der/die/das erste3. verb1) (to cover on the top: She topped the cake with cream.) bedecken2) (to rise above; to surpass: Our exports have topped $100,000.) übersteigen3) (to remove the top of.) kappen•- topless- topping
- top hat
- top-heavy
- top-secret
- at the top of one's voice
- be/feel on top of the world
- from top to bottom
- the top of the ladder/tree
- top up II [top] noun(a kind of toy that spins.) der Kreisel* * *top1[tɒp, AM tɑ:p]n2. ( dated fam)to sleep like a \top schlafen wie ein Murmeltiertop2[tɒp, AM tɑ:p]I. n1. (highest part) oberes Ende, Spitze f; of a mountain [Berg]gipfel m; of a tree [Baum]krone f, Wipfel mshe waited for me at the \top of the stairs sie wartete oben am Ende der Treppe auf michfrom \top to bottom von oben bis untento get on \top of sth etw in den Griff bekommen\top of a desk [or table] Tischplatte fthere was a pile of books on \top of the table auf dem Tisch lag ein Stoß Bücherput the letter on \top of that pile of books leg den Brief auf diesen Stoß Bücherto be at the \top of the class Klassenbeste(r) f(m) seinto be at the \top an der Spitze seinto go to the \top an die Spitze kommento live at the \top of a street am Ende der Straße wohnen6. BOT oberer Teil einer Pflanzebottle \top Flaschenverschluss mscrew-on \top Schraubverschluss mon \top of that... obendrein...we missed the train, and on \top of that we had to... wir verpassten den Zug, und als wäre das noch nicht genug gewesen, mussten wir auch noch...9.▶ the Big T\top das Großzelt▶ to go over the \top überreagieren▶ from \top to toe von Kopf bis Fuß▶ at the \top of one's voice aus vollem Halseshe shouted his name at the \top of her voice sie rief, so laut sie konnte, seinen NamenII. adj\top layer oberste Schicht2. (best) beste(r, s)sb's \top choice jds erste Wahl\top university Eliteuniversität f3. (most successful) Spitzen-\top athlete Spitzensportler(in) m(f)4. (maximum) höchste(r, s)\top speed Höchstgeschwindigkeit fto come \top [of the class] Klassenbeste(r) f(m) seinIV. vt<- pp->▪ to \top sth etw anführento \top the bill der Star des Abends seinto \top a list obenan auf einer Liste stehen2. (cover)to \top a cake with cream einen Kuchen mit Sahne garnieren3. (surpass)▪ to \top sth etw übertreffenthey've offered me £1,000 — I'm afraid we can't \top that sie haben mir 1.000 Pfund geboten — das können wir leider nicht überbieten▪ to \top sb/oneself jdn/sich umbringen* * *I [tɒp]1. n1) (= highest part) oberer Teil; (of spire, pyramid, cone etc, fig, of league, company etc) Spitze f; (of mountain) Gipfel m; (of tree) Krone f, Spitze f; (of pine tree) Wipfel m, Spitze f; (of branch) oberes Ende; (of wave) Kamm m; (of carrots, radishes) Ende nt; (= leafy part) Kraut nt; (= detachable part of cupboard etc) Aufsatz m; (= head end of table, bed, sheet) Kopfende nt, oberes Ende; (of road, beach) oberes Endewhich is the top? — wo ist oben?
the top of the tree/page/list/wall etc is... — der Baum/die Seite/Liste/Wand etc ist oben...
at the top of the page/list — oben auf der Seite/Liste
at the top of the league/pile — oben in der Tabelle/im Stapel
at the top of the stairs/wall/hill/tree — oben an der Treppe/Wand/am Berg/Baum
at the top of the table/road — am oberen Ende des Tisches/der Straße
to be (at the) top of the class — Klassenbeste(r) or -erste(r) sein, der/die Beste in der Klasse sein
he's near the top in English —
the liquid was cloudy near the top — die Flüssigkeit war oben wolkig
she bashed the top of her head on the luggage rack — sie schlug sich (dat) den Kopf an der Gepäckablage an
he looked over the top of his spectacles —
he curled his fingers over the top of the window — er klammerte sich mit den Fingern an den oberen Fensterrand
she fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom — sie fiel die ganze Treppe von oben bis unten hinunter
to scream at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Hals or aus Leibeskräften brüllen
they were talking at the top(s) of their voices — sie haben sich in voller Lautstärke unterhalten
go to the top of the class (inf) — du bist gar nicht so dumm!
off the top of my head (fig) — grob gesagt; (with figures) über den Daumen gepeilt
just a quick comment please, off the top of your head to talk off the top of one's head (inf) — bitte einen kurzen Kommentar, ganz spontan nur so daherreden
that's a bit over the top — das ist ein bisschen übertrieben, das geht ein bisschen zu weit
I find him a bit over the top —
he's over the top (= past his best) — er ist auf dem absteigenden Ast
the top of the morning to you! (Ir) — grüß Gott! (S__nbsp;Ger, Aus), (schönen) guten Morgen!
See:→ bill2) (= upper surface) Oberfläche f; (COMPUT) Vordergrund mto be on top — oben sein or liegen; (fig) obenauf sein
it was on top of/on the top of the cupboard/pile etc — es war auf/oben auf dem Schrank/Stapel etc
put it on top of/the top of the cupboard etc — leg es oben auf den Schrank etc
then, on top of all that... — und dann, um das Maß vollzumachen...
and, on top of that... — und zusätzlich..., und außerdem...
he felt he was on top of the situation — er hatte das Gefühl, die Situation im Griff or unter Kontrolle zu haben
to come out on top — sich durchsetzen; (over rival) die Oberhand gewinnen
to blow one's top — in die Luft or an die Decke gehen (inf), aus der Haut fahren (inf)
4) (= working surface) Arbeitsfläche fsoft top (Aut) — Weichverdeck nt
7) (AUT: top gear) höchster Gangin top — im vierten/fünften, im höchsten Gang
9) (inf)to be (the) tops — klasse sein (inf), spitze sein (inf)
2. adj(= upper) obere(r, s); (= highest) oberste(r, s); branches, note, honours, price höchste(r, s); (= best) Spitzen-, Top-; pupil, school, marks beste(r, s)top athlete — Spitzenathlet(in) m(f)
top job — Spitzenjob m
top prices — Höchstpreise pl
the top end of the market —
the car has a top speed of 120 — das Auto hat eine Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 120
the top men in the party/government/firm —
the top people (in a company) — die Leute an der Spitze; (in society) die oberen zehntausend
the Top Ten (Mus) — die Top Ten pl
3. adv1)2)it'll take an hour tops — das dauert höchstens or maximal eine Stunde
4. vt1) (= cover, cap) bedecken2)(= reach top of)
just as the car/he topped the hill — gerade, als das Auto/er oben auf dem Berg angekommen war or den Gipfel des Berges erreicht hatte3)(= be at top of)
his name topped the list — sein Name stand ganz oben auf der Liste or an der Spitze der ListeSee:→ billand to top it all... (inf) — und um das Maß vollzumachen...
5)to top a tree/radish/carrot — die Spitze eines Baumes/das Ende eines Rettichs/einer Mohrrübe abschneiden
6)IInKreisel m* * *top1 [tɒp; US tɑp]A sa) Spitze f, Gipfel m (eines Berges)b) Kuppe f (eines Hügels)c) Krone f, Wipfel m (eines Baumes)d) Dach(spitze) n(f), (Haus)Giebel me) Kopf(ende) m(n) (eines Tisches, einer Buchseite etc)f) (Deich-, Mauer)Krone fg) Oberfläche f (des Wassers etc):the top of the world das Dach der Welt;at the top obenan;at the top of oben an (dat);at the top of the street oben in der Straße;at the top of page 10, page 10 at the top (auf) Seite 10 oben;at the top of the table SPORT an der Tabellenspitze;off the top of one’s head auf Anhieb, so ohne Weiteres;on top oben(auf a. fig);a) oben auf (dat), über (dat),b) umg direkt vor (dat);on top of each other auf- oder übereinander;on (the) top of it obendrein;get on top of sth fig einer Sache Herr werden;be over the top fig übertrieben sein;a) MIL zum Sturmangriff (aus dem Schützengraben) antreten,the top of the class der Klassenprimus;top of the line WIRTSCH Branchenführer(in);a) in höchster Stellung, an oberster Stelle,b) auf dem Gipfel des Erfolgs;come out on top als Sieger oder Bester hervorgehen;be on top (of the world) obenauf sein;be on top of sth einer Sache gewachsen sein3. a) höchster Gradb) höchster Punkt, Höchststand m:at the top of one’s speed mit höchster Geschwindigkeit;the top of the tide der Höchststand der Flutthe top of his ambition sein höchster Ehrgeiz;5. umga) Auslese f, Creme f umg (der Gesellschaft)b) pl (die) großen Tiere pl umg6. Kopf m, Scheitel m:from top to bottom vom Scheitel bis zur Sohle;7. (Schachtel-, Topf- etc) Deckel m8. AUTO etc Verdeck n11. Oberteil n (eines Pyjamas, Badeanzugs etc)b) Stulpe f (an Stiefeln, Handschuhen etc)13. SCHIFF Mars m/f14. BOTb) auch pl (Rüben- etc)Kraut n15. CHEM Spitzenfraktion f16. Blume f (des Bieres)B adj1. oberst(er, e, es):top line Kopf-, Titelzeile f;the top rung fig die höchste Stellung, die oberste Stelle2. höchst(er, e, es):a) mit Höchstgeschwindigkeit,b) in Windeseile;top earner Spitzenverdiener(in);top manager Top-, Spitzenmanager m;top prices Höchst-, Spitzenpreise;3. (der, die, das) Erste:win the top hono(u)rs in a competition den ersten Preis in einem Wettbewerb gewinnen4. Haupt…:5. umg erstklassig, best(er, e, es):C v/t1. (oben) bedecken ( with mit)2. überragen3. mit einer Spitze, einem Oberteil, einem Deckel etc versehen6. (zahlenmäßig etc) übersteigen:top one million die Millionengrenze übersteigenhe tops me by two inches er ist (um) zwei Zoll größer als ich;he tops five feet er ist etwas über fünf Fuß groß8. überragen, -treffen, schlagen; ein Angebot, eine Bestleistung etc toppen, überbieten:be topped den Kürzeren ziehen;9. Pflanzen beschneiden, stutzen, köpfen, kappenwith mit)* * *I 1. noun1) (highest part) Spitze, die; (of table) Platte, die; (of bench seat) Sitzfläche, die; (top floor) oberstes Stockwerk; (flat roof, roof garden) Dach, das; (rim of glass, bottle, etc.) Rand, der; (top end) oberes Ende; (of tree) Spitze, die; Wipfel, dera cake with a cherry on top — ein Kuchen mit einer Kirsche [oben]drauf
at the top of the building/hill/pile/stairs — oben im Gebäude/[oben] auf dem Hügel/[oben] auf dem Stapel/oben an der Treppe
be at/get to or reach the top [of the ladder or tree] — (fig.) auf der obersten Sprosse [der Leiter] stehen/die oberste Sprosse [der Leiter] erreichen (fig.)
be/get on top of a situation/subject — eine Situation/eine Materie im Griff haben/in den Griff bekommen
don't let it get on top of you — (fig.) lass dich davon nicht unterkriegen! (ugs.)
he put it on [the] top of the pile — er legte es [oben] auf den Stapel
on top of one another or each other — aufeinander
on top of something — (fig.): (in addition) zusätzlich zu etwas
come/be on top of something — (be additional) zu etwas [hinzu]kommen
on top of the world — (fig.) überglücklich
be/go thin on top — licht auf dem Kopf sein/werden
be on top — ganz oben sein/liegen
come out on top — (be successful) Erfolg haben; (win) gewinnen
get to the top — (fig.) eine Spitzenposition erringen; ganz nach oben kommen (ugs.)
be over the top — übertrieben od. überzogen sein
2) (highest rank) Spitze, diethe man at the top — der [oberste] Chef od. (ugs.) Boss
top of the table — (Sport) Tabellenspitze, die
[at the] top of the agenda is... — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung steht...
be [at the] top of the class — der/die Klassenbeste sein
top of the bill — (Theatre) Zugpferd, das
3) (of vegetable) Kraut, dason [the] top of something — [oben] auf etwas (position): (Dat./direction: Akk.)
they climbed to the top of the hill/slope — sie kletterten auf den Hügel/den Hang hinauf
5) (folding roof) Verdeck, das6) (upper deck of bus, boat) Oberdeck, das7) (cap of pen) [Verschluss]kappe, die9) (upper part of page) oberer Teilat the top [of the page] — oben [auf der/die Seite]
10) (upper garment) Oberteil, das11) (turn-down of sock) Umschlag, der13) (utmost) Gipfel, dershout/talk at the top of one's voice — aus vollem Halse schreien/so laut wie möglich sprechen
14)be the tops — (coll.) (the best) der/die/das Größte sein (ugs.); (marvellous) spitze sein (ugs.)
15) (surface) Oberfläche, die17) (Brit. Motor Veh.)2. adjectiveoberst...; höchst... [Ton, Preis]the/a top award — die höchste/eine hohe Auszeichnung
the/a top chess player — der beste Schachspieler/einer der besten Schachspieler od. ein Spitzenschachspieler
top scientists/actors — etc. hochkarätige Wissenschaftler/Schauspieler usw.
the top pupil/school/marks — der beste Schüler/die beste Schule/die besten Noten
top manager/management — Topmanager/-management
a top speed of 100 m.p.h. — eine Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 100 Meilen pro Stunde
go at top speed — mit Spitzen- od. Höchstgeschwindigkeit fahren
be/come top [in a subject] — [in einem Fach] der/die Beste sein/werden
give something top priority — einer Sache (Dat.) höchste Priorität einräumen
in the top left/right corner — in der linken/rechten oberen Ecke
3. transitive verb,the top people — (in society) die Spitzen der Gesellschaft; (in a particular field) die besten Leute
- pp-1) (cover)the hills were topped with or by snow — die Hügelspitzen waren schneebedeckt
2) (Hort.): (cut top off) stutzen [Pflanze]; kappen [Baum]3) (be taller than) überragen4) (surpass, excel) übertreffenexports have topped [the] £40 million [mark/level] — die Exporte haben die [Grenze von] 40 Millionen Pfund überschritten
to top it all — [noch] obendrein
5) (head) anführentop the bill — (Theatre) das Zugpferd sein
Phrasal Verbs:- top off- top upII noun(toy) Kreisel, der* * *v.maximal erreichen ausdr.übersteigen v. adj.oben adj. n.Anfang -ë m.Gipfel - m.Kopfende -n n.Kreisel - m.Oberteil -e n.Spitze -n f. -
8 Roe, Sir Edwin Alliott Verdon
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 April 1877 Manchester, Englandd. 4 January 1958 London, England[br]English designer of one of the most successful biplanes of all time, the Avro 504.[br]A.V.Roe served an apprenticeship at a railway works, studied marine engineering at Kings College London, served at sea as an engineer, and then took a job in the motor-car industry. His hobby was flying: after studying bird-flight, he built several flying models and in 1907 one of these won a prize offered by the Daily Mail. With the prize money he built a full-size aeroplane loosely based on the Flyer of the Wright brothers, with whom he had corresponded. In September, Roe took his biplane to the motorracing circuit at Brooklands, in Surrey, but it made only a few hops and his activities were not welcomed. Roe then moved to Essex, where he assembled his new aeroplane under the arch of a railway bridge. This was a triplane design with the engine at the front (a "tractor"), and during 1909 it made several flights (this triplane is preserved by the Science Museum in London).In 1910 Roe and his brother Humphrey founded A.V.Roe \& Co. in Manchester, they described it the "Aviator's Storehouse". During the next three years Roe designed and built aeroplanes in Manchester, then transported them to Brooklands to fly (the authorities now made him more welcome). One of the most significant of these was his Type D tractor biplane of 1911, which led to the Avro 504 two-seater trainer of 1913. This was one of the most successful trainers of all time, as around 10,000 were built. In November 1914 a flight of Avro 504s carried out the first-ever bombing raid when they attacked German airship sheds as Friedrichshafen. A.V.Roe produced the first aeroplanes with enclosed cabins during 1912: the Type F monoplane and Type G biplane. After the war, his Avian was used for several record-breaking flights. In 1928 he sold his interest in the company bearing his name and joined forces with Saunders Ltd of Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, to found Saunders-Roe Ltd. "Saro" produced a series of flying boats, from the four-seat Cutty Sark of 1929 to the large, and ill-fated, Princess of 1952.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1929 (in 1933 he incorporated his mother's name to become Sir Alliott VerdonRoe). Honorary Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society 1948.Bibliography1939, The World of Wings and Things, London.Further ReadingL.J.Ludovic, 1956, the Challenging Sky.A.J.Jackson, 1908, Avro Aircraft since 1908, London (a detailed account).JDSBiographical history of technology > Roe, Sir Edwin Alliott Verdon
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9 star turn
(the most successful or spectacular performance or item (in a show etc): The acrobats were the star turn of the evening.) hovednummer* * *(the most successful or spectacular performance or item (in a show etc): The acrobats were the star turn of the evening.) hovednummer -
10 Lever, William Hesketh
[br]b. 19 September 1851 Bolton, Lancashire, Englandd. 7 May 1925 Hampstead, London, England[br]English manufacturer of soap.[br]William Hesketh Lever was the son of the retail grocer James Lever, who built up the large wholesale firm of Lever \& Co. in the north-west of England. William entered the firm at the age of 19 as a commercial traveller, and in the course of his work studied the techniques of manufacture and the quality of commercial soaps available at the time. He decided that he would concentrate on the production of a soap that was not evil-smelling, would lather easily and be attractively packaged. In 1884 he produced Sunlight Soap, which became the trade mark for Lever \& Co. He had each tablet wrapped, partly to protect the soap from oxygenization and thus prevent it from becoming rancid, and partly to display his brand name as a form of advertising. In 1885 he raised a large capital sum, purchased the Soap Factory in Warrington of Winser \& Co., and began manufacture. His product contained oils from copra, palm and cotton blended with tallow and resin, and its quality was carefully monitored during production. In a short time it was in great demand and began to replace the previously available alternatives of home-made soap and poor-quality, unpleasant-smelling bars.It soon became necessary to expand the firm's premises, and in 1887 Lever purchased fifty-six acres of land upon which he set up a new centre of manufacture. This was in the Wirral in Cheshire, near the banks of the River Mersey. Production at the new factory, which was called Port Sunlight, began in January 1889. Lever introduced a number of technical improvements in the production process, including the heating systems and the recovery of glycerine (which could later be sold) from the boiling process.Like Sir Titus Salt of Saltaire before him, Lever believed it to be in the interest of the firm to house his workers in a high standard of building and comfort close to the factory.By the early twentieth century he had created Port Sunlight Village, one of the earliest and certainly the most impressive housing estates, for his employees. Architecturally the estate is highly successful, being built from a variety of natural materials and vernacular styles by a number of distinguished architects, so preventing an overall architectural monotony. The comprehensive estate comprises, in addition to the factory and houses, a church, an art gallery, schools, a cottage hospital, library, bank, fire station, post office and shops, as well as an inn and working men's institute, both of which were later additions. In 1894 Lever \& Co. went public and soon was amalgamated with other soap firms. It was at its most successful high point by 1910.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst Viscount Leverhulme of the Western Isles.Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography. Butterworth.Ian Campbell Bradley, 1987, Enlightened Entrepreneurs, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.DY -
11 Boeing, William Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 1 October 1881 Detroit, Michigan, USAd. 28 September 1956 USA[br]American aircraft designer, creator of one of the most successful aircraft manufacturing companies in the world.[br]In 1915 William E.Boeing and his friend Commander Conrad Westervelt decided that they could improve on the aeroplanes then being produced in the United States. Boeing was a prominent Seattle businessman with interests in land and timber, while Westervelt was an officer in the US Navy. They bought a Martin Model T float-plane in order to gain some experience and then produced their own design, the B \& W, which first flew in June 1916. Westervelt was transferred to the East, leaving Boeing to continue the production of the B \& W floatplanes, for which purpose he set up the Pacific Aero Products Company. On 26 April 1917 this became the Boeing Airplane Company, which prospered following the US involvement in the First World War.In March 1919 Boeing and Edward Hubbard inaugurated the world's first international airmail service between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Boeing Company then had to face the slump in aircraft manufacturing after the war: they survived, and by 1922 they had started producing a successful series of fighters while continuing to develop their flying-boat and floatplane designs. Boeing set up the Boeing Air Transport Corporation to tender for lucrative airmail contracts and then produced aircraft which could out-perform those of his rivals. The company went from strength to strength and by the end of the 1920s a huge conglomerate had been built up: the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation. They produced an advanced high-speed monoplane mailplane, the model 200 Monomail in 1930, which saw the birth of a new era of Boeing designs.The Wall Street crash of 1929 and legislation in 1934, which banned any company from both building aeroplanes and running an airline, were setbacks which the Boeing Airplane Company overcame, moving ahead to become world leaders. William E.Boeing decided that it was time he retired, but he returned to work during the Second World War.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGuggenheim Medal 1934.Further ReadingC.Chant, 1982, Boeing: The World's Greatest Planemakers, Hadley Wood, England (describes William E.Boeing's part in the founding and building up of the Boeing Company).P.M.Bowers, 1990, Boeing Aircraft since 1916, 3rd edn, London (covers Boeing's aircraft).Boeing Company, 1977, Pedigree of Champions: Boeing since 1916, Seattle.JDS -
12 Ford, Henry
[br]b. 30 July 1863 Dearborn, Michigan, USAd. 7 April 1947 Dearborn, Michigan, USA[br]American pioneer motor-car maker and developer of mass-production methods.[br]He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.[br]Bibliography1922, with S.Crowther, My Life and Work, London: Heinemann.Further ReadingR.Lacey, 1986, Ford, the Men and the Machine, London: Heinemann. W.C.Richards, 1948, The Last Billionaire, Henry Ford, New York: Charles Scribner.IMcN -
13 Wratten, Frederick Charles Luther
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1840 Englandd. 8 April 1926 London, England[br]English inventor and manufacturer, founder of one of the first successful gelatine dry-plate companies.[br]He started his working life as a schoolteacher, but in his early twenties he moved to London to become a clerk with a photographic wholesaler, Soloman. There Wratten became interested in photography, and on the announcement of the new gelatine dry-plate processes he began to conduct his own experiments. In 1876 he devised a means of drying gelatine emulsions and removing excess silver with alcohol, and published details in 1877 and 1878. It was during this period that he formed a partnership with Henry Wainwright to manufacture and sell photographic materials. The mass production of gelatine dry plates was a British invention and monopoly, and the new firm of Wratten \& Wainwright was one of the first in the field and soon proved to be amongst the most successful. The business exported extensively to Europe, introducing a succession of plates of increasing sensitivity. Wratten continued to trade under the same name when his partner Wainwright died in 1882. His success continued, and in 1890 he moved the company to a newly equipped factory in Croydon, near London. Six years later Wratten incorporated as co-owners of the business his son, S.H.Wainwright and a young graduate from London University, C.E.Kenneth Mees. The newly constituted company soon introduced the first British panchromatic plates and filters. The introduction of Lumiere's Autochrome plates in 1907 prompted Wratten and Mees to take out a patent on a colour screen plate process of their own. The company also found work coating plates for other similar innovations. In 1912 the business was finally sold to George Eastman and Wratten and Mees joined Kodak Ltd at Harrow.[br]BibliographyWratten's early work on the action of alcohol on gelatine emulsions was described in a series of articles: 1877, Photographic News: 390, 49.1878, Photographic News: 121–3.1878, British Journal of Photography: 124–5.Further ReadingE.J.Wall, 1925, Three Colour Photography.C.E.K.Mees, 1961, From Dry Plates to Ektachrome Film, New York.JWBiographical history of technology > Wratten, Frederick Charles Luther
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14 Art
Portugal did not produce an artist of sufficient ability to gain recognition outside the country until the 19th century. Domingos Antônio Segueira (1768-1837) became well known in Europe for his allegorical religious and historical paintings in a neoclassical style. Portuguese painting during the 19th century emphasized naturalism and did not keep abreast of artistic innovations being made in other European countries. Portugal's best painters lived abroad especially in France. The most successful was Amadeo Souza- Cardoso who, while living in Paris, worked with the modernists Modigliani, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. Souza-Cardoso introduced modernism into Portuguese painting in the early 20th century. A sustained modernist movement did not develop in Portugal, however. Naturalism remained the dominant school, and Portugal remained isolated from international artistic trends, owing to Portugal's conservative artistic climate, which prevented new forms of art from taking root, and the lack of support from an artistically sophisticated, art-buying elite supported by a system of galleries and foundations.Interestingly, it was during the conservative Estado Novo that modernism began to take root in Portugal. As Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar's secretary for national propaganda, Antônio Ferro, a writer, journalist, and cultural leader who admired Mussolini, encouraged the government to allow modern artists to create the heroic imagery of the Estado Novo following the Italian model that linked fascism with futurism. The most important Portuguese artist of this period was Almada Negreiros, who did the murals on the walls of the legendary café A Brasileira in the Chiado district of Lisbon, the paintings at the Exposition of the Portuguese World (1940), and murals at the Lisbon docks. Other artists of note during this period included Mário Eloy (1900-51), who was trained in Germany and influenced by George Grosz and Otto Dix; Domingos Alvarez (1906-42); and Antônio Pedro (1909-66).During the 1950s, the Estado Novo ceased to encourage artists to collaborate, as Portuguese artists became more critical of the regime. The return to Portugal of Antônio Pedro in 1947 led to the emergence of a school of geometric abstract painting in Oporto and the reawakening of surrealism. The art deco styles of the 1930s gave way to surrealism and abstract expression.In the 1960s, links between Portugal's artistic community and the international art world strengthened. Conscription for the wars against the nationalist insurgencies in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-75) resulted in a massive exodus of Portugal's avante-garde artists to Europe to avoid military service. While abroad, artists such as Joaquin Rodrigo (1912-93), Paula Rego (1935-), João Cutileiro (1947-), and others forged links with British, French, Italian, and Spanish artistic communities.The Revolution of 25 April 1974 created a crisis for Portugal's artists. The market for works of art collapsed as left-wing governments, claiming that they had more important things to do (eliminate poverty, improve education), withdrew support for the arts. Artists declared their talents to be at the "service of the people," and a brief period of socialist realism prevailed. With the return of political stability and moderate governments during the 1980s, Portugal's commercial art scene revived, and a new period of creativity began. Disenchantment with the socialist realism (utopianism) of the Revolution and a deepening of individualism began to be expressed by Portuguese artists. Investment in the arts became a means of demonstrating one's wealth and social status, and an unprecedented number of art galleries opened, art auctions were held, and a new generation of artists became internationally recognized. In 1984, a museum of modern art was built by the Gulbenkian Foundation adjacent to its offices on the Avenida de Berna in Lisbon. A national museum of modern art was finally built in Oporto in 1988.In the 1980s, Portugal's new generation of painters blended post-conceptualism and subjectivism, as well as a tendency toward decon-structionism/reconstructionism, in their work. Artists such as Cabrita Reis (1956-), Pedro Calapez (1953-), José Pedro Croft (1957-), Rui Sanches (1955-), and José de Guimarães (1949-) gained international recognition during this period. Guimarães crosses African art themes with Western art; Sarmento invokes images of film, culture, photography, American erotica, and pulp fiction toward sex, violence, and pleasure; Reis evolved from a painter to a maker of installation artist using chipboard, plaster, cloth, glass, and electrical and plumbing materials.From the end of the 20th century and during the early years of the 21st century, Portugal's art scene has been in a state of crisis brought on by a declining art trade and a withdrawal of financial support by conservative governments. Although not as serious as the collapse of the 1970s, the current situation has divided the Portuguese artistic community between those, such as Cerveira Pito and Leonel Moura, who advocate a return to using primitive, strongly textured techniques and others such as João Paulo Feliciano (1963-), who paint constructivist works that poke fun at the relationship between art, money, society, and the creative process. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the factors that have prevented Portuguese art from achieving and sustaining international recognition (the absence of a strong art market, depending too much on official state support, and the individualistic nature of Portuguese art production) are still to be overcome. -
15 Hopkinson, John
[br]b. 27 July 1849 Manchester, Englandd. 27 August 1898 Petite Dent de Veisivi, Switzerland[br]English mathematician and electrical engineer who laid the foundations of electrical machine design.[br]After attending Owens College, Manchester, Hopkinson was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1867 to read for the Mathematical Tripos. An appointment in 1872 with the lighthouse department of the Chance Optical Works in Birmingham directed his attention to electrical engineering. His most noteworthy contribution to lighthouse engineering was an optical system to produce flashing lights that distinguished between individual beacons. His extensive researches on the dielectric properties of glass were recognized when he was elected to a Fellowship of the Royal Society at the age of 29. Moving to London in 1877 he became established as a consulting engineer at a time when electricity supply was about to begin on a commercial scale. During the remainder of his life, Hopkinson's researches resulted in fundamental contributions to electrical engineering practice, dynamo design and alternating current machine theory. In making a critical study of the Edison dynamo he developed the principle of the magnetic circuit, a concept also arrived at by Gisbert Kapp around the same time. Hopkinson's improvement of the Edison dynamo by reducing the length of the field magnets almost doubled its output. In 1890, in addition to-his consulting practice, Hopkinson accepted a post as the first Professor of Electrical Engineering and Head of the Siemens laboratory recently established at King's College, London. Although he was not involved in lecturing, the position gave him the necessary facilities and staff and student assistance to continue his researches. Hopkinson was consulted on many proposals for electric traction and electricity supply, including schemes in London, Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds. He also advised Mather and Platt when they were acting as contractors for the locomotives and generating plant for the City and South London tube railway. As early as 1882 he considered that an ideal method of charging for the supply of electricity should be based on a two-part tariff, with a charge related to maximum demand together with a charge for energy supplied. Hopkinson was one the foremost expert witnesses of his day in patent actions and was himself the patentee of over forty inventions, of which the three-wire system of distribution and the series-parallel connection of traction motors were his most successful. Jointly with his brother Edward, John Hopkinson communicated the outcome of his investigations to the Royal Society in a paper entitled "Dynamo Electric Machinery" in 1886. In this he also described the later widely used "back to back" test for determining the characteristics of two identical machines. His interest in electrical machines led him to more fundamental research on magnetic materials, including the phenomenon of recalescence and the disappearance of magnetism at a well-defined temperature. For his work on the magnetic properties of iron, in 1890 he was awarded the Royal Society Royal Medal. He was a member of the Alpine Club and a pioneer of rock climbing in Britain; he died, together with three of his children, in a climbing accident.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1878. Royal Society Royal Medal 1890. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1890 and 1896.Bibliography7 July 1881, British patent no. 2,989 (series-parallel control of traction motors). 27 July 1882, British patent no. 3,576 (three-wire distribution).1901, Original Papers by the Late J.Hopkinson, with a Memoir, ed. B.Hopkinson, 2 vols, Cambridge.Further ReadingJ.Greig, 1970, John Hopkinson Electrical Engineer, London: Science Museum and HMSO (an authoritative account).—1950, "John Hopkinson 1849–1898", Engineering 169:34–7, 62–4.GW -
16 Spode, Josiah
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 1754 Stoke-on-Trent, Englandd. 16 July 1827 Penkhull, Staffordshire, England[br]English pottery inventor of bone china and ironstone.[br]After learning the potter's trade in his father's works, Spode set up in business on his own. He especially favoured blue-printed ware, in particular willow-pattern. He also improved the jasper, Egyptian black and cream ware that were produced by a number of potters at the time. He employed William Copeland, a traveller in the trade, to market his products and together they established a base in London. He later took Copeland into partnership to manage the London end of the business. In 1800 Spode began to make porcelain and introduced bone ash and feldspar into the paste, increasing the transparency of the ware; it came to be known as that most characteristically English of ware, bone china. In 1805 he introduced an opaque ware under the name of ironstone, much of which was exported to France, where it supplanted faience ware.The Prince of Wales visited Spode's pottery in 1806 and he was appointed a potter to the King. In 1812 Spode installed a steam-engine in his works and effected many other improvements. Spode was called "the most successful china manufacturer of his time"; this seems fair, for he won both fame and fortune.[br]Further ReadingA.Hayden, 1925, Spode and His Successors: A History of the Pottery 1765–2865, London.LRD -
17 arm's-length ties
cоц. случайные связи* (в сетевом подходе: связи между субъектами внутри сети, характеризующиеся случайностью, недолговременностью)The garment producers who were most successful, however, had a mix of strong, close ties and arm's-length ties. — Производители одежды, будучи наиболее успешными, имели, однако, наряду с прочными, отдельные случайные связи.
See: -
18 Tenrikyo
Религия: ("Religion of Divine Wisdom", largest and most successful of the modern Shinto sects in Japan) тенрикё -
19 yet
jet
1. adverb1) (up till now: He hasn't telephoned yet; Have you finished yet?; We're not yet ready.) todavía, aún2) (used for emphasis: He's made yet another mistake / yet more mistakes.) aún3) ((with a comparative adjective) even: a yet more terrible experience.)
2. conjunction(but; however: He's pleasant enough, yet I don't like him.) pero, aunque- as yetyet adv1. yahas the taxi arrived yet? ¿ya ha llegado el taxi?2. aún / todavíaare you ready? Not yet ¿estás listo? Todavía notr[jet]1 todavía, aúnhaven't you finished that book yet? ¿aún no has acabado aquel libro?2 (until now) hasta la fecha, hasta ahora3 (even) aún, todavía4 (expressing future possibility, hope, etc) aúndon't give up, you may win yet no te rindas, aún puedes ganar1 pero, aunqueshe's very friendly, yet I find her a little mysterious es muy simpática, aunque la encuentro un poco misteriosa\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLyet again otra vezyet another... otro,-a... másyet ['jɛt] adv1) besides, even: aúnyet more problems: más problemas aúnyet again: otra vez2) so far: aún, todavíanot yet: todavía noas yet: hasta ahora, todavía3) : yahas he come yet?: ¿ya ha venido?4) eventually: todavía, algún día5) nevertheless: sin embargoyet conj: peroadv.• aun adv.• aún adv.• todavía adv.conj.• aun conj.• con todo conj.• empero conj.• pero conj.• sin embargo conj.
I jet1)a) (up to this or that time, till now) (with neg) todavía, aúnI haven't eaten o (AmE also) I didn't eat yet — todavía or aún no he comido, todavía no comí (RPl)
as yet — aún, todavía
b) (now, so soon) (with neg) todavíashall I call him? - not (just) yet — ¿lo llamo? - (no,) todavía no
c) ( thus far) (after superl)2) (by now, already) (with interrog) yahas she decided o (AmE also) did she decide yet? — ¿ya se ha decidido?, ¿ya se decidió? (AmL)
3) ( still) todavía, aúnthere's half an hour yet before they arrive — todavía or aún falta media hora para que lleguen
4) (eventually, in spite of everything)a) ( even) (with comp) aún, todavíathe story becomes yet more complicated — el cuento se complica aún or todavía más
b) (in addition, besides)6) (but, nevertheless) (as linker) sin embargo
II
conjunction pero[jet]1. ADV1) (=now, up to now, by now) todavía, aúnhe hasn't come yet — todavía or aún no ha llegado, no ha llegado todavía or aún
don't go (just) yet — no te vayas todavía, quédate un rato
need you go yet? — ¿tienes que irte ya?
•
as yet — todavía, por ahorawe haven't heard anything as yet — todavía or por ahora no sabemos nada
•
not yet — todavía or aún no"are you coming?" - "not just yet" — -¿vienes? -todavía or aún no
2) (=to date) hasta ahora3) (=still) todavía, aúnthere's hope for me yet — todavía or aún tengo esperanzas
that question is yet to be decided — está todavía por or sin decidir, aún está por or sin decidir
he may yet succeed — todavía puede que lo consiga, puede que aún lo consiga
it won't be dark for half an hour yet — todavía or aún queda media hora para que anochezca
4) (=even) todavía, aúnthe queues are likely to grow longer yet — es probable que las colas se hagan aún or todavía más largas
better yet, let him buy them for you for Christmas — mejor aún, deja que te los regale por Navidad
•
they are celebrating yet another victory — están celebrando otra or una victoria más•
many were killed, yet more have been left homeless — muchos resultaron muertos y aún or todavía más han perdido sus hogares5) frmnor yet — ni
2.CONJ (=in spite of everything) sin embargo, con todo; (=but) peroYETI told him several times, yet he still hasn't done it — se lo dije varias veces, (y) sin embargo no lo ha hecho
In questions
► When yet is used in affirmative questions, translate using ya:
Is Mary here yet? ¿Está aquí María ya?
Have they arrived yet? ¿Han llegado ya?
In negatives
► When not ... yet is used in statements or questions, translate using todavía no or aún no, both of which can go at either the beginning or the end of the sentence:
My parents haven't got up yet Mis padres no se han levantado todavía or aún, Todavía or Aún no se han levantado mis padres
Haven't they done it yet? ¿No lo han hecho todavía or aún?, ¿Todavía or Aún no lo han hecho?
Meaning "to date"
► When yet follows a superlative or never and means "to date", translate using hasta ahora:
It's the best (one) yet Es el mejor hasta ahora
I've never been late yet Hasta ahora no he llegado nunca con retraso
Meaning "still"
In predictions ► When yet is used in predictions about the future, translate using todavía or aún:
The economic crisis will go on for some time yet La crisis económica continuará todavía or aún algún tiempo
They will be a long time yet Todavía or Aún tardarán bastante en venir
With to + infinitive ► When yet is followed by to + ((verb)), translate using todavía por or sin + ((infinitive)) or aún por or sin + ((infinitive)):
The house is yet to be cleaned La casa está todavía por or sin limpiar La casa está aún por or sin limpiar
Meaning "even"
► When yet precedes a comparative and means "even", translate using todavía or aún:
There is yet more rain to come in the north Todavía or Aún habrá más precipitaciones en el norte
Yet bigger satellites will be sent up into orbit Se pondrán en órbita satélites todavía or aún más grandes* * *
I [jet]1)a) (up to this or that time, till now) (with neg) todavía, aúnI haven't eaten o (AmE also) I didn't eat yet — todavía or aún no he comido, todavía no comí (RPl)
as yet — aún, todavía
b) (now, so soon) (with neg) todavíashall I call him? - not (just) yet — ¿lo llamo? - (no,) todavía no
c) ( thus far) (after superl)2) (by now, already) (with interrog) yahas she decided o (AmE also) did she decide yet? — ¿ya se ha decidido?, ¿ya se decidió? (AmL)
3) ( still) todavía, aúnthere's half an hour yet before they arrive — todavía or aún falta media hora para que lleguen
4) (eventually, in spite of everything)a) ( even) (with comp) aún, todavíathe story becomes yet more complicated — el cuento se complica aún or todavía más
b) (in addition, besides)6) (but, nevertheless) (as linker) sin embargo
II
conjunction pero -
20 high tide
См. также в других словарях:
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most */*/*/ — UK [məʊst] / US [moʊst] adverb, determiner, pronoun Summary: Most is the superlative form of much and many and can be used in the following ways: as an adverb (before an adjective or another adverb): a most interesting lecture ♦ the question that … English dictionary
most*/*/*/ — [məʊst] grammar word summary: Most is the superlative form of much and many. It can be: ■ an adverb: Love is what these children need most. ♦ Angie looks like her father the most. ■ a determiner: Most shops will be closed over Christmas. ♦ Which… … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
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most — 1 adverb (+ adj/adv) 1 used for forming the superlative of most adjectives and adverbs with more than two syllables, and many that only have two: the most boring book I ve ever read | She s one of the most experienced teachers in the district. |… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
